Sentiment Analysis PhD Thesis Examples

 .Corpus-Based Construction of Sentiment Lexicon to Identify Extreme Opinions by Supervised and Unsupervised Machine Learning Methods.A Computational Approach to the Analysis and Generation of Emotion in TextAcquiring and Exploiting LexicalKnowledge for Twitter SentimentAnalysisSentiment Analysis: Text Pre-Processing, Reader Views and Cross Domains.... Read More

What is the difference between equation, model, and formula?

 .Q: What is the difference between equation, model, and formula?An equation usually is a mathematical BALANCE of two operations that are equal. Here are two straightforward examples: (1) y = 30 - 10 t [this is a math equation with a straight line as its graph] & (2) y = 3 t^3 - 7 (t) (x) + 8 x^3When an equation REPRESENTS a specific PHYSICAL event, then the equation would become a formula. For instance, #1 above MAY be a FORMULA in the case of uniformly accelerated motion. Let (y = Velocity at time t); let (30 represent the INITIAL velocity) and let (acceleration be NEGATIVE... Read More

What is meant by back propagation?

 .What is meant by back propagation?Backpropagation is an algorithm used in artificial intelligence (AI) to fine-tune mathematical weight functions and improve the accuracy of an artificial neural network's outputs. ... Backpropagation calculates the mathematical gradient of a loss function with respect to the other weights in the neural network..BackpropagationLast updated: October 13, 2021What Does Backpropagation Mean?Backpropagation is an algorithm used in artificial intelligence (AI) to fine-tune mathematical weight functions and improve the accuracy of an artificial neural network's outputs.A neural network can be thought of as a group of connected input/output (I/O) nodes. The level of accuracy each node produces is... Read More

In Scientific Research especially in Computer Science, What is the difference among these four terms: approach, method, algorithm and model?

 .An approach is a collection of one or more methods to solve a problem.A method is a collection of one or more algorithms to accomplish a task.An algorithm is a step-by-step processes to get the desired output.A model is a mathematical representation of the problem on which the algorithms are applied..... Read More

What is Research Model, Research Method and Research Framework?

 .A model is the presentation in schematic form, often in a simplified way, of an existing or future state or situation. The modelling technique determines the way in which the situation is represented in a schematic way. Popular modelling techniques are: process model, workflow model, life cycle model.A method is a systematic approach to achieve a specific result or goal, and offers a description in a cohesive and (scientific) consistent way of the approach that leads to the desired result/ goal. Minimally a method consists of a way of thinking and a way of working. Possible additional components of... Read More

What is the Difference Between Syntax Analysis and Semantic Analysis?

 The main difference between syntax analysis and semantic analysis is that syntax analysis takes the tokens generated by the lexical analysis and generates a parse tree while semantic analysis checks whether the parse tree generated by syntax analysis follows the rules of the language.https://pediaa.com/what-is-the-difference-between-syntax-analysis-and-semantic-analysis/... Read More

What is the Difference Between Lexical Analysis and Syntax Analysis?

. The main difference between lexical analysis and syntax analysis is that lexical analysis reads the source code one character at a time and converts it into meaningful lexemes (tokens) whereas syntax analysis takes those tokens and produce a parse tree as an output.https://pediaa.com/what-is-the-difference-between-lexical-analysis-and-syntax-analysis/... Read More

What is the meaning of the word "arbitrary" in English?

 .arbitrary[ ahr-bi-trer-ee ]SHOW IPASee synonyms for: arbitrary / arbitrarily / arbitrariness on Thesaurus.com🍎 Elementary Leveladjectivesubject to individual will or judgment without restriction; contingent solely upon one's discretion:an arbitrary decision.decided by a judge or arbiter rather than by a law or statute.having unlimited power; uncontrolled or unrestricted by law; despotic; tyrannical:an arbitrary government.based on whim or personal preference, without reason or pattern; random:This is an unusual encyclopedia, arranged by topics in a more or less arbitrary order.Mathematics. undetermined; not assigned a specific value:an arbitrary constant.noun, plural ar·bi·trar·ies.arbitraries, Printing. (in Britain) peculiar (def. 9)..... Read More

Meanings Of Emoji

Research has shown that emoji are often misunderstood. In some cases, this misunderstanding is related to how the actual emoji design is interpreted by the viewer;[91] in other cases, the emoji that was sent is not shown in the same way on the receiving side.[92] The first issue relates to the cultural or contextual interpretation of the emoji. When the author picks an emoji, they think about it in a certain way, but the same character may not trigger the same thoughts in the mind of the receiver[93] (see also Models of communication). For example, people in China... Read More

Word Sense Disambiguation

In natural language processing, word sense disambiguation (WSD) is the problem of determining which "sense" (meaning) of a word is activated by the use of the word in a particular context, a process which appears to be largely unconscious in people. WSD is a natural classification problem: Given a word and its possible senses, as defined by a dictionary, classify an occurrence of the word in context into one or more of its sense classes. The features of the context (such as neighboring words) provide the evidence for classification. A famous example is to determine the sense of... Read More

Maximum Entropy In Sentiment Analysis

In statistics and information theory, a maximum entropy probability distribution has entropy that is at least as great as that of all other members of a specified class of probability distributions. According to the principle of maximum entropy, if nothing is known about a distribution except that it belongs to a certain class (usually defined in terms of specified properties or measures), then the distribution with the largest entropy should be chosen as the least-informative default. The motivation is twofold: first, maximizing entropy minimizes the amount of prior information built into the distribution; second, many physical systems tend... Read More

Phrase-based Text Representation References

Text representation is one of the fundamental problems in text mining and Information Retrieval (IR). It aims to numerically represent the unstructured text documents to make them mathematically computable. For a given set of text documents D = {di, i=1, 2,...,n}, where each di stands for a document, the problem of text representation is to represent each di of D as a point si in a numerical space S, where the distance/similarity between each pair of points in space S is well defined. https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-0-387-39940-9_420 A phrase is a group of words that express a concept and is used... Read More

Google Ngram Viewer References

The Google Ngram Viewer or Google Books Ngram Viewer is an online search engine that charts the frequencies of any set of search strings using a yearly count of n-grams found in sources printed between 1500 and 2019[1][2][3][4][5] in Google's text corpora in English, Chinese (simplified), French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Russian, or Spanish.[2][6] There are also some specialized English corpora, such as American English, British English, and English Fiction.[7] . The program can search for a word or a phrase, including misspellings or gibberish.[6] The n-grams are matched with the text within the selected corpus, optionally using case-sensitive... Read More

Unicode Emoji References

An emoji (/ɪˈmoʊdʒiː/ i-MOH-jee; plural emoji or emojis[1]) is a pictogram, logogram, ideogram or smiley used in electronic messages and web pages. The primary function of emojis is to fill in emotional cues otherwise missing from typed conversation.[2] Some examples of emojis are 😂, 😃, 🧘🏻‍♂️, 🌍, 🍞, 🚗, 📞, 😶‍🌫️, 🎉, ❤️, 🍆, and 🏁. Emojis exist in various genres, including facial expressions, common objects, places and types of weather, and animals. They are much like emoticons, but emojis are pictures rather than typographic approximations; the term "emoji" in the strict sense refers to such pictures which... Read More

Speech and Language Processing

 .Speech and Language Processing (3rd ed. draft)Dan Jurafsky and James H. Martin Here's our September 21, 2021 draft! This is just an update draft, fixing bugs and filling in various missing sections (more on transformers, including for MT, various updated algorithms, like for dependency parsers, etc.). Expect another release later this fall with drafts of some of the 3 missing chapters.We are really grateful to all of you for finding bugs and offering great suggestions!Individual chapters are below; here is a single pdf of all the chapters in the Sep 21, 2021 draft of the book-so-farAs always, typos and comments very welcome (just email slp3edbugs@gmail.com and... Read More

Naive-Bayes for Sentiment Classification

A lexicon is the vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical). In linguistics, a lexicon is a language's inventory of lexemes. The word lexicon derives from Greek word λεξικόν (lexikon), neuter of λεξικός (lexikos) meaning 'of or for words'.[1] Linguistic theories generally regard human languages as consisting of two parts: a lexicon, essentially a catalogue of a language's words (its wordstock); and a grammar, a system of rules which allow for the combination of those words into meaningful sentences. The lexicon is also thought to include bound morphemes, which cannot stand alone... Read More

Emotion Lexicons References

A lexicon is the vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical). In linguistics, a lexicon is a language's inventory of lexemes. The word lexicon derives from Greek word λεξικόν (lexikon), neuter of λεξικός (lexikos) meaning 'of or for words'.[1] Linguistic theories generally regard human languages as consisting of two parts: a lexicon, essentially a catalogue of a language's words (its wordstock); and a grammar, a system of rules which allow for the combination of those words into meaningful sentences. The lexicon is also thought to include bound morphemes, which cannot stand alone... Read More

Run JavaScript in REPL style using Web Browser Console

.#OverviewThe Console is a REPL, which stands for Read, Evaluate, Print, and Loop. It reads the JavaScript that you type into it, evaluates your code, prints out the result of your expression, and then loops back to the first step.#Set up DevToolsThis tutorial is designed so that you can open up the demo and try all the workflows yourself. When you physically follow along, you're more likely to remember the workflows later.Press Command+Option+J (Mac) or Control+Shift+J (Windows, Linux, Chrome OS) to open the Console.... Read More

Lexicon-based Emotion analysis from text tool for series/movie subtitles, books, etc

.IntroductionThe objective of this package is simple: If you need to compute some emotion analysis on a word or a set of words this should be able to help. For now, it only supports plain text and subtitles, but the idea is to extend it to other formats (pdf, email, among other formats). In the meantime, this includes a basic example on how to use it on plain text and another example on how to use it in a collection of subtitles for series (all episodes for all seasons of a show). The name of the package is based... Read More

How To Build Attention Mechanism From Scratch

 .The attention mechanism was introduced to improve the performance of the encoder-decoder model for machine translation. The idea behind the attention mechanism was to permit the decoder to utilize the most relevant parts of the input sequence in a flexible manner, by a weighted combination of all of the encoded input vectors, with the most relevant vectors being attributed the highest weights. In this tutorial, you will discover the attention mechanism and its implementation. After completing this tutorial, you will know:(1) How the attention mechanism uses a weighted sum of all of the encoder hidden states to flexibly focus the attention... Read More

Python SimPy Complete Tutorial For Machine Learning

 .SymPy is a Python library for symbolic mathematics. It aims to become a full-featured computer algebra system (CAS) while keeping the code as simple as possible in order to be comprehensible and easily extensible. SymPy is written entirely in Python.. SymPy Tutorial Preliminaries Installation Exercises About This Tutorial Introduction What is Symbolic Computation? A More Interesting Example The Power of... Read More

Python Pandas Complete Tutorial For Machine Learning

 .The pandas package is the most important tool at the disposal of Data Scientists and Analysts working in Python today. The powerful machine learning and glamorous visualization tools may get all the attention, but pandas is the backbone of most data projects.[pandas] is derived from the term "panel data", an econometrics term for data sets that include observations over multiple time periods for the same individuals. — WikipediaIf you're thinking about data science as a career, then it is imperative that one of the first things you do is learn pandas. In this post, we will go over the... Read More

Python Pandas Tutorial

 .Pandas TutorialPandas HOMEPandas IntroPandas Getting StartedPandas SeriesPandas DataFramesPandas Read CSVPandas Read JSONPandas Analyzing DataCleaning DataCleaning DataCleaning Empty CellsCleaning Wrong FormatCleaning Wrong DataRemoving DuplicatesCorrelationsPandas CorrelationsPlottingPandas Plotting.... Read More

Kite - Python Programming CoPilot

 .WELCOME TO KITE DOCS!Use our Intelligent Search to find documentation for your favorite python packagesWe've tried to do the legwork of putting everything you need all in one easily searchable place1So you can get back to what you (and we) love doing - creating awesome thingse.g. requests.api.get.Try it out:https://www.kite.com/python/docs/.... Read More

Kite - Python Code Completion Tool

 .Code Faster. Stay in Flow.Kite adds AI powered code completions to your code editor, giving developers superpowers..https://www.kite.com/download/.... Read More